Internal$signalsCompile-time signal type information.
This instance property is generated only for TypeScript type checking. It is not defined at runtime and should not be accessed in JS code.
Adds a selection bounded by the specified offsets.
the starting character offset of the selected region
the offset of the first character after the selected region.
true if successful, false otherwise
Get the ranges of text in the specified bounding box.
An AtkTextRectangle giving the dimensions of the bounding box.
Specify whether coordinates are relative to the screen or widget window.
Specify the horizontal clip type.
Specify the vertical clip type.
Array of AtkTextRange. The last element of the array returned by this function will be NULL.
Gets the offset of the position of the caret (cursor).
the character offset of the position of the caret or -1 if the caret is not located inside the element or in the case of any other failure.
Gets the specified text.
a character offset within text
the character at offset or 0 in the case of failure.
Gets the character count.
the number of characters or -1 in case of failure.
If the extent can not be obtained (e.g. missing support), all of x, y, width, height are set to -1.
Get the bounding box containing the glyph representing the character at a particular text offset.
Creates an Atk.AttributeSet which consists of the default values of attributes for the text. See the enum AtkTextAttribute for types of text attributes that can be returned. Note that other attributes may also be returned.
an Atk.AttributeSet which contains the default text attributes for this Atk.Text. This Atk.AttributeSet should be freed by a call to atk_attribute_set_free().
Gets the number of selected regions.
The number of selected regions, or -1 in the case of failure.
Gets the offset of the character located at coordinates x and y. x and y
are interpreted as being relative to the screen or this widget's window
depending on coords.
the offset to the character which is located at the specified x and y coordinates of -1 in case of failure.
Get the bounding box for text within the specified range.
If the extents can not be obtained (e.g. or missing support), the rectangle fields are set to -1.
The offset of the first text character for which boundary information is required.
The offset of the text character after the last character for which boundary information is required.
Specify whether coordinates are relative to the screen or widget window.
Creates an Atk.AttributeSet which consists of the attributes explicitly
set at the position offset in the text. start_offset and end_offset are
set to the start and end of the range around offset where the attributes are
invariant. Note that end_offset is the offset of the first character
after the range. See the enum AtkTextAttribute for types of text
attributes that can be returned. Note that other attributes may also be
returned.
the character offset at which to get the attributes, -1 means the offset of the character to be inserted at the caret location.
an Atk.AttributeSet which contains the attributes explicitly set at offset. This Atk.AttributeSet should be freed by a call to atk_attribute_set_free().
Gets the text from the specified selection.
The selection number. The selected regions are assigned numbers that correspond to how far the region is from the start of the text. The selected region closest to the beginning of the text region is assigned the number 0, etc. Note that adding, moving or deleting a selected region can change the numbering.
a newly allocated string containing the selected text. Use g_free() to free the returned string.
Gets a portion of the text exposed through an Atk.Text according to a given offset
and a specific granularity, along with the start and end offsets defining the
boundaries of such a portion of text.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_CHAR the character at the
offset is returned.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_WORD the returned string
is from the word start at or before the offset to the word start after
the offset.
The returned string will contain the word at the offset if the offset is inside a word and will contain the word before the offset if the offset is not inside a word.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_SENTENCE the returned string
is from the sentence start at or before the offset to the sentence
start after the offset.
The returned string will contain the sentence at the offset if the offset is inside a sentence and will contain the sentence before the offset if the offset is not inside a sentence.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_LINE the returned string
is from the line start at or before the offset to the line
start after the offset.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_PARAGRAPH the returned string
is from the start of the paragraph at or before the offset to the start
of the following paragraph after the offset.
position
a newly allocated string containing the text at the offset bounded by the specified granularity. Use g_free() to free the returned string. Returns null if the offset is invalid or no implementation is available.
Gets the specified text.
a starting character offset within text
an ending character offset within text, or -1 for the end of the string.
a newly allocated string containing the text from start_offset up to, but not including end_offset. Use g_free() to free the returned string.
Gets the specified text.
position
a newly allocated string containing the text after offset bounded by the specified boundary_type. Use g_free() to free the returned string.
Gets the specified text.
If the boundary_type if ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_CHAR the character at the offset is returned.
If the boundary_type is ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_WORD_START the returned string is from the word start at or before the offset to the word start after the offset.
The returned string will contain the word at the offset if the offset is inside a word and will contain the word before the offset if the offset is not inside a word.
If the boundary type is ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_SENTENCE_START the returned string is from the sentence start at or before the offset to the sentence start after the offset.
The returned string will contain the sentence at the offset if the offset is inside a sentence and will contain the sentence before the offset if the offset is not inside a sentence.
If the boundary type is ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_LINE_START the returned string is from the line start at or before the offset to the line start after the offset.
position
a newly allocated string containing the text at offset bounded by the specified boundary_type. Use g_free() to free the returned string.
Gets the specified text.
position
a newly allocated string containing the text before offset bounded by the specified boundary_type. Use g_free() to free the returned string.
Removes the specified selection.
The selection number. The selected regions are assigned numbers that correspond to how far the region is from the start of the text. The selected region closest to the beginning of the text region is assigned the number 0, etc. Note that adding, moving or deleting a selected region can change the numbering.
true if successful, false otherwise
Makes a substring of text visible on the screen by scrolling all necessary parents.
start offset in the text
end offset in the text, or -1 for the end of the text.
specify where the object should be made visible.
whether scrolling was successful.
Sets the caret (cursor) position to the specified offset.
In the case of rich-text content, this method should either grab focus or move the sequential focus navigation starting point (if the application supports this concept) as if the user had clicked on the new caret position. Typically, this means that the target of this operation is the node containing the new caret position or one of its ancestors. In other words, after this method is called, if the user advances focus, it should move to the first focusable node following the new caret position.
Calling this method should also scroll the application viewport in a way that matches the behavior of the application's typical caret motion or tab navigation as closely as possible. This also means that if the application's caret motion or focus navigation does not trigger a scroll operation, this method should not trigger one either. If the application does not have a caret motion or focus navigation operation, this method should try to scroll the new caret position into view while minimizing unnecessary scroll motion.
the character offset of the new caret position
true if successful, false otherwise.
Changes the start and end offset of the specified selection.
The selection number. The selected regions are assigned numbers that correspond to how far the region is from the start of the text. The selected region closest to the beginning of the text region is assigned the number 0, etc. Note that adding, moving or deleting a selected region can change the numbering.
the new starting character offset of the selection
the new end position of (e.g. offset immediately past) the selection
true if successful, false otherwise
Creates a binding between source_property on source and target_property
on target.
Whenever the source_property is changed the target_property is
updated using the same value. For instance:
g_object_bind_property (action, "active", widget, "sensitive", 0);
Will result in the "sensitive" property of the widget GObject.Object instance to be updated with the same value of the "active" property of the action GObject.Object instance.
If flags contains GObject.BindingFlags.BIDIRECTIONAL then the binding will be mutual:
if target_property on target changes then the source_property on source
will be updated as well.
The binding will automatically be removed when either the source or the
target instances are finalized. To remove the binding without affecting the
source and the target you can just call g_object_unref() on the returned
GObject.Binding instance.
Removing the binding by calling g_object_unref() on it must only be done if
the binding, source and target are only used from a single thread and it
is clear that both source and target outlive the binding. Especially it
is not safe to rely on this if the binding, source or target can be
finalized from different threads. Keep another reference to the binding and
use g_binding_unbind() instead to be on the safe side.
A GObject.Object can have multiple bindings.
the property on source to bind
the target GObject.Object
the property on target to bind
flags to pass to GObject.Binding
the GObject.Binding instance representing the binding between the two GObject.Object instances. The binding is released whenever the GObject.Binding reference count reaches zero.
Complete version of g_object_bind_property().
Creates a binding between source_property on source and target_property
on target, allowing you to set the transformation functions to be used by
the binding.
If flags contains GObject.BindingFlags.BIDIRECTIONAL then the binding will be mutual:
if target_property on target changes then the source_property on source
will be updated as well. The transform_from function is only used in case
of bidirectional bindings, otherwise it will be ignored
The binding will automatically be removed when either the source or the
target instances are finalized. This will release the reference that is
being held on the GObject.Binding instance; if you want to hold on to the
GObject.Binding instance, you will need to hold a reference to it.
To remove the binding, call g_binding_unbind().
A GObject.Object can have multiple bindings.
The same user_data parameter will be used for both transform_to
and transform_from transformation functions; the notify function will
be called once, when the binding is removed. If you need different data
for each transformation function, please use
g_object_bind_property_with_closures() instead.
the property on source to bind
the target GObject.Object
the property on target to bind
flags to pass to GObject.Binding
Optionaltransform_to: BindingTransformFuncthe transformation function from the source to the target, or null to use the default
Optionaltransform_from: BindingTransformFuncthe transformation function from the target to the source, or null to use the default
Optionalnotify: DestroyNotifya function to call when disposing the binding, to free resources used by the transformation functions, or null if not required
the GObject.Binding instance representing the binding between the two GObject.Object instances. The binding is released whenever the GObject.Binding reference count reaches zero.
Creates a binding between source_property on source and target_property
on target, allowing you to set the transformation functions to be used by
the binding.
This function is the language bindings friendly version of
g_object_bind_property_full(), using GClosures instead of
function pointers.
the property on source to bind
the target GObject.Object
the property on target to bind
flags to pass to GObject.Binding
a GObject.Closure wrapping the transformation function from the source to the target, or null to use the default
a GObject.Closure wrapping the transformation function from the target to the source, or null to use the default
the GObject.Binding instance representing the binding between the two GObject.Object instances. The binding is released whenever the GObject.Binding reference count reaches zero.
Blocks a handler of an instance so it will not be called during any signal emissions
Handler ID of the handler to be blocked
SignalconnectSignalconnect_Disconnects a handler from an instance so it will not be called during any future or currently ongoing emissions of the signal it has been connected to.
Handler ID of the handler to be disconnected
SignalemitThis function is intended for GObject.Object implementations to re-enforce
a [floating][floating-ref] object reference. Doing this is seldom
required: all GInitiallyUnowneds are created with a floating reference
which usually just needs to be sunken by calling g_object_ref_sink().
Increases the freeze count on object. If the freeze count is
non-zero, the emission of "notify" signals on object is
stopped. The signals are queued until the freeze count is decreased
to zero. Duplicate notifications are squashed so that at most one
GObject.Object::notify signal is emitted for each property modified while the
object is frozen.
This is necessary for accessors that modify multiple properties to prevent premature notification while the object is still being modified.
Gets a named field from the objects table of associations (see g_object_set_data()).
name of the key for that association
the data if found, or null if no such data exists.
Gets a property of an object.
The value can be:
In general, a copy is made of the property contents and the caller is responsible for freeing the memory by calling GObject.Value.unset.
Note that GObject.Object.get_property is really intended for language bindings, GObject.Object.get is much more convenient for C programming.
The name of the property to get
Return location for the property value. Can be an empty GObject.Value initialized by G_VALUE_INIT (auto-initialized with expected type since GLib 2.60), a GObject.Value initialized with the expected property type, or a GObject.Value initialized with a transformable type
This function gets back user data pointers stored via
g_object_set_qdata().
A GLib.Quark, naming the user data pointer
The user data pointer set, or null
Gets n_properties properties for an object.
Obtained properties will be set to values. All properties must be valid.
Warnings will be emitted and undefined behaviour may result if invalid
properties are passed in.
the names of each property to get
the values of each property to get
Checks whether object has a [floating][floating-ref] reference.
true if object has a floating reference
Emits a "notify" signal for the property property_name on object.
When possible, eg. when signaling a property change from within the class
that registered the property, you should use g_object_notify_by_pspec()
instead.
Note that emission of the notify signal may be blocked with
g_object_freeze_notify(). In this case, the signal emissions are queued
and will be emitted (in reverse order) when g_object_thaw_notify() is
called.
the name of a property installed on the class of object.
Emits a "notify" signal for the property specified by pspec on object.
This function omits the property name lookup, hence it is faster than
g_object_notify().
One way to avoid using g_object_notify() from within the
class that registered the properties, and using g_object_notify_by_pspec()
instead, is to store the GParamSpec used with
g_object_class_install_property() inside a static array, e.g.:
typedef enum
{
PROP_FOO = 1,
PROP_LAST
} MyObjectProperty;
static GParamSpec *properties[PROP_LAST];
static void
my_object_class_init (MyObjectClass *klass)
{
properties[PROP_FOO] = g_param_spec_int ("foo", NULL, NULL,
0, 100,
50,
G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS);
g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class,
PROP_FOO,
properties[PROP_FOO]);
}
and then notify a change on the "foo" property with:
g_object_notify_by_pspec (self, properties[PROP_FOO]);
the GObject.ParamSpec of a property installed on the class of object.
Increases the reference count of object.
Since GLib 2.56, if GLIB_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED is 2.56 or greater, the type
of object will be propagated to the return type (using the GCC typeof()
extension), so any casting the caller needs to do on the return type must be
explicit.
the same object
Increase the reference count of object, and possibly remove the
[floating][floating-ref] reference, if object has a floating reference.
In other words, if the object is floating, then this call "assumes ownership" of the floating reference, converting it to a normal reference by clearing the floating flag while leaving the reference count unchanged. If the object is not floating, then this call adds a new normal reference increasing the reference count by one.
Since GLib 2.56, the type of object will be propagated to the return type
under the same conditions as for g_object_ref().
object
Releases all references to other objects. This can be used to break reference cycles.
This function should only be called from object system implementations.
Sets multiple properties of an object at once. The properties argument should be a dictionary mapping property names to values.
Object containing the properties to set
Each object carries around a table of associations from strings to pointers. This function lets you set an association.
If the object already had an association with that name, the old association will be destroyed.
Internally, the key is converted to a GLib.Quark using g_quark_from_string().
This means a copy of key is kept permanently (even after object has been
finalized) — so it is recommended to only use a small, bounded set of values
for key in your program, to avoid the GLib.Quark storage growing unbounded.
name of the key
Optionaldata: anydata to associate with that key
Sets a property on an object.
The name of the property to set
The value to set the property to
Remove a specified datum from the object's data associations, without invoking the association's destroy handler.
name of the key
the data if found, or null if no such data exists.
This function gets back user data pointers stored via
g_object_set_qdata() and removes the data from object
without invoking its destroy() function (if any was
set).
Usually, calling this function is only required to update
user data pointers with a destroy notifier, for example:
void
object_add_to_user_list (GObject *object,
const gchar *new_string)
{
// the quark, naming the object data
GQuark quark_string_list = g_quark_from_static_string ("my-string-list");
// retrieve the old string list
GList *list = g_object_steal_qdata (object, quark_string_list);
// prepend new string
list = g_list_prepend (list, g_strdup (new_string));
// this changed 'list', so we need to set it again
g_object_set_qdata_full (object, quark_string_list, list, free_string_list);
}
static void
free_string_list (gpointer data)
{
GList *node, *list = data;
for (node = list; node; node = node->next)
g_free (node->data);
g_list_free (list);
}
Using g_object_get_qdata() in the above example, instead of
g_object_steal_qdata() would have left the destroy function set,
and thus the partial string list would have been freed upon
g_object_set_qdata_full().
A GLib.Quark, naming the user data pointer
The user data pointer set, or null
Stops a signal's emission by the given signal name. This will prevent the default handler and any subsequent signal handlers from being invoked.
Name of the signal to stop emission of
Reverts the effect of a previous call to
g_object_freeze_notify(). The freeze count is decreased on object
and when it reaches zero, queued "notify" signals are emitted.
Duplicate notifications for each property are squashed so that at most one GObject.Object::notify signal is emitted for each property, in the reverse order in which they have been queued.
It is an error to call this function when the freeze count is zero.
Unblocks a handler so it will be called again during any signal emissions
Handler ID of the handler to be unblocked
Decreases the reference count of object. When its reference count
drops to 0, the object is finalized (i.e. its memory is freed).
If the pointer to the GObject.Object may be reused in future (for example, if it is
an instance variable of another object), it is recommended to clear the
pointer to null rather than retain a dangling pointer to a potentially
invalid GObject.Object instance. Use g_clear_object() for this.
Virtualvfunc_the constructed function is called by g_object_new() as the
final step of the object creation process. At the point of the call, all
construction properties have been set on the object. The purpose of this
call is to allow for object initialisation steps that can only be performed
after construction properties have been set. constructed implementors
should chain up to the constructed call of their parent class to allow it
to complete its initialisation.
Virtualvfunc_Virtualvfunc_the dispose function is supposed to drop all references to other
objects, but keep the instance otherwise intact, so that client method
invocations still work. It may be run multiple times (due to reference
loops). Before returning, dispose should chain up to the dispose method
of the parent class.
Virtualvfunc_instance finalization function, should finish the finalization of
the instance begun in dispose and chain up to the finalize method of the
parent class.
Virtualvfunc_Virtualvfunc_Emits a "notify" signal for the property property_name on object.
When possible, eg. when signaling a property change from within the class
that registered the property, you should use g_object_notify_by_pspec()
instead.
Note that emission of the notify signal may be blocked with
g_object_freeze_notify(). In this case, the signal emissions are queued
and will be emitted (in reverse order) when g_object_thaw_notify() is
called.
Virtualvfunc_the generic setter for all properties of this type. Should be
overridden for every type with properties. If implementations of
set_property don't emit property change notification explicitly, this will
be done implicitly by the type system. However, if the notify signal is
emitted explicitly, the type system will not emit it a second time.
This function essentially limits the life time of the closure to
the life time of the object. That is, when the object is finalized,
the closure is invalidated by calling g_closure_invalidate() on
it, in order to prevent invocations of the closure with a finalized
(nonexisting) object. Also, g_object_ref() and g_object_unref() are
added as marshal guards to the closure, to ensure that an extra
reference count is held on object during invocation of the
closure. Usually, this function will be called on closures that
use this object as closure data.
GObject.Closure to watch
Virtualvfunc_Adds a selection bounded by the specified offsets.
the starting character offset of the selected region
the offset of the first character after the selected region.
Virtualvfunc_Get the ranges of text in the specified bounding box.
An AtkTextRectangle giving the dimensions of the bounding box.
Specify whether coordinates are relative to the screen or widget window.
Specify the horizontal clip type.
Specify the vertical clip type.
Virtualvfunc_Gets the offset of the position of the caret (cursor).
Virtualvfunc_Gets the specified text.
a character offset within text
Virtualvfunc_Gets the character count.
Virtualvfunc_If the extent can not be obtained (e.g. missing support), all of x, y, width, height are set to -1.
Get the bounding box containing the glyph representing the character at a particular text offset.
Virtualvfunc_Creates an Atk.AttributeSet which consists of the default values of attributes for the text. See the enum AtkTextAttribute for types of text attributes that can be returned. Note that other attributes may also be returned.
Virtualvfunc_Gets the number of selected regions.
Virtualvfunc_Gets the offset of the character located at coordinates x and y. x and y
are interpreted as being relative to the screen or this widget's window
depending on coords.
Virtualvfunc_Get the bounding box for text within the specified range.
If the extents can not be obtained (e.g. or missing support), the rectangle fields are set to -1.
The offset of the first text character for which boundary information is required.
The offset of the text character after the last character for which boundary information is required.
Specify whether coordinates are relative to the screen or widget window.
Virtualvfunc_Creates an Atk.AttributeSet which consists of the attributes explicitly
set at the position offset in the text. start_offset and end_offset are
set to the start and end of the range around offset where the attributes are
invariant. Note that end_offset is the offset of the first character
after the range. See the enum AtkTextAttribute for types of text
attributes that can be returned. Note that other attributes may also be
returned.
the character offset at which to get the attributes, -1 means the offset of the character to be inserted at the caret location.
Virtualvfunc_Gets the text from the specified selection.
The selection number. The selected regions are assigned numbers that correspond to how far the region is from the start of the text. The selected region closest to the beginning of the text region is assigned the number 0, etc. Note that adding, moving or deleting a selected region can change the numbering.
Virtualvfunc_Gets a portion of the text exposed through an Atk.Text according to a given offset
and a specific granularity, along with the start and end offsets defining the
boundaries of such a portion of text.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_CHAR the character at the
offset is returned.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_WORD the returned string
is from the word start at or before the offset to the word start after
the offset.
The returned string will contain the word at the offset if the offset is inside a word and will contain the word before the offset if the offset is not inside a word.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_SENTENCE the returned string
is from the sentence start at or before the offset to the sentence
start after the offset.
The returned string will contain the sentence at the offset if the offset is inside a sentence and will contain the sentence before the offset if the offset is not inside a sentence.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_LINE the returned string
is from the line start at or before the offset to the line
start after the offset.
If granularity is ATK_TEXT_GRANULARITY_PARAGRAPH the returned string
is from the start of the paragraph at or before the offset to the start
of the following paragraph after the offset.
position
Virtualvfunc_Gets the specified text.
a starting character offset within text
an ending character offset within text, or -1 for the end of the string.
Virtualvfunc_Gets the specified text.
position
Virtualvfunc_Gets the specified text.
If the boundary_type if ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_CHAR the character at the offset is returned.
If the boundary_type is ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_WORD_START the returned string is from the word start at or before the offset to the word start after the offset.
The returned string will contain the word at the offset if the offset is inside a word and will contain the word before the offset if the offset is not inside a word.
If the boundary type is ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_SENTENCE_START the returned string is from the sentence start at or before the offset to the sentence start after the offset.
The returned string will contain the sentence at the offset if the offset is inside a sentence and will contain the sentence before the offset if the offset is not inside a sentence.
If the boundary type is ATK_TEXT_BOUNDARY_LINE_START the returned string is from the line start at or before the offset to the line start after the offset.
position
Virtualvfunc_Gets the specified text.
position
Virtualvfunc_Removes the specified selection.
The selection number. The selected regions are assigned numbers that correspond to how far the region is from the start of the text. The selected region closest to the beginning of the text region is assigned the number 0, etc. Note that adding, moving or deleting a selected region can change the numbering.
Virtualvfunc_Makes a substring of text visible on the screen by scrolling all necessary parents.
start offset in the text
end offset in the text, or -1 for the end of the text.
specify where the object should be made visible.
Virtualvfunc_Virtualvfunc_Sets the caret (cursor) position to the specified offset.
In the case of rich-text content, this method should either grab focus or move the sequential focus navigation starting point (if the application supports this concept) as if the user had clicked on the new caret position. Typically, this means that the target of this operation is the node containing the new caret position or one of its ancestors. In other words, after this method is called, if the user advances focus, it should move to the first focusable node following the new caret position.
Calling this method should also scroll the application viewport in a way that matches the behavior of the application's typical caret motion or tab navigation as closely as possible. This also means that if the application's caret motion or focus navigation does not trigger a scroll operation, this method should not trigger one either. If the application does not have a caret motion or focus navigation operation, this method should try to scroll the new caret position into view while minimizing unnecessary scroll motion.
the character offset of the new caret position
Virtualvfunc_Changes the start and end offset of the specified selection.
The selection number. The selected regions are assigned numbers that correspond to how far the region is from the start of the text. The selected region closest to the beginning of the text region is assigned the number 0, etc. Note that adding, moving or deleting a selected region can change the numbering.
the new starting character offset of the selection
the new end position of (e.g. offset immediately past) the selection
Virtualvfunc_Virtualvfunc_Virtualvfunc_the signal handler which is executed when there is a text change. This virtual function is deprecated sice 2.9.4 and it should not be overriden.
Virtualvfunc_
The ATK interface implemented by components with text content.
Atk.Text should be implemented by
AtkObjectson behalf of widgets that have text content which is either attributed or otherwise non-trivial.AtkObjectswhose text content is simple, unattributed, and very brief may expose that content viaatk_object_get_nameinstead; however if the text is editable, multi-line, typically longer than three or four words, attributed, selectable, or if the object already uses the 'name' ATK property for other information, the Atk.Text interface should be used to expose the text content. In the case of editable text content, Atk.EditableText (a subtype of the Atk.Text interface) should be implemented instead.Atk.Text provides not only traversal facilities and change notification for text content, but also caret tracking and glyph bounding box calculations. Note that the text strings are exposed as UTF-8, and are therefore potentially multi-byte, and caret-to-byte offset mapping makes no assumptions about the character length; also bounding box glyph-to-offset mapping may be complex for languages which use ligatures.